Kudzokorodza chimiro che polyurethane zvinhu muChina
1, chirimwa chekugadzira polyurethane chinoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwezvimedu gore rega rega, nekuda kweiyo yakanamirwa, nyore kudzokorora.Zvizhinji zvinomera zvinoshandisa nzira dzemuviri uye dzemakemikari kudzoreredza kudzoreredza uye kushandisa zvakare zvimedu.
2. Kurasa polyurethane zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nevatengi hazvina kunyatsogadziriswa zvakare.Kune mamwe mabhizinesi anoshanda mukurapa tsvina polyurethane muChina, asi mazhinji acho anonyanya kupiswa uye kudzoreredza muviri.
3, kune akawanda mayunivhesiti uye masangano ekutsvagisa kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, akazvipira kutsvaga polyurethane makemikari uye biological recycling tekinoroji, yakaburitsa imwe mhedzisiro yedzidzo.Asi kunyatsoiswa muhukuru-hukuru hwekushandisa kwevashoma kwazvo, Germany H&S ndeimwe yacho.
4, kupatsanurwa kwetsvina yemumba kuChina kuchangotanga, uye chikamu chekupedzisira chemidziyo yepolyurethane yakadzikira, uye zvinonetsa kumabhizinesi kuti arambe achiwana tsvina yepolyurethane yekuzodzokorodza uye kushandiswa.Kusagadzikana kwekupa zvinhu zvemarara kunoita kuti zviome kumabhizinesi kushanda.
5. Hapana chiyero chakajeka chekuchaja chekudzokorora uye kurapwa kwemarara makuru.Semuenzaniso, mattresses akagadzirwa nepolyurethane, firiji insulation, nezvimwewo, nekuvandudzwa kwemitemo nemaketani emaindasitiri, mabhizinesi ekudzokorodza anogona kuwana mari yakawanda.
6, Huntsman akagadzira nzira yekudzokorodza mabhodhoro epurasitiki ePET, mushure mehuwandu hwekugadzirisa maitiro, mune kemikari reaction unit ine mamwe magadzirirwo ezvigadzirwa kugadzira polyester polyol zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvinongedzo zvinosvika makumi matanhatu% kubva pakare PET mabhodhoro epurasitiki, uye polyester. polyol inoshandiswa kugadzira polyurethane zvinhu chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mbishi.Parizvino, Huntsman anogona kunyatso gadziridza bhiriyoni imwe 500ml PET mabhodhoro epurasitiki pagore, uye mumakore mashanu apfuura, 5 bhiriyoni akadzokororwa PET mabhodhoro epurasitiki akashandurwa kuita 130,000 matani ezvigadzirwa zve polyol kugadzirwa kwe polyurethane insulation zvinhu.
Physical Recycling
Iyi nzira ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa tekinoroji yekudzokorodza.Iyo yakapfava polyurethane furo inoputswa kuita masendimita akati wandei ezvimedu necrusher, uye reactive polyurethane adhesive inopfapfaidzwa mumusanganisi.Iwo anonamira anoshandiswa anowanzo polyurethane furo musanganiswa kana terminal NCO-based prepolymers yakavakirwa pa polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI).Apo PAPI-based adhesives inoshandiswa pakubatanidza nekugadzira, kusanganiswa kwemhepo kunogonawo kutakurwa mukati. Mukugadzirisa tsvina ye polyurethane, wedzera 90% tsvina polyurethane, 10% inonamatira, sanganisa zvakaenzana, unogonawo kuwedzera chikamu chedhayi, wobva wadzvanya musanganiswa.
Thermosetting polyurethane foam yakapfava uye zvigadzirwa zveRIM polyurethane zvine imwe dhigirii yekudziya inopfavisa plastiki mutembiricha ye100-200 ℃.Pasi pekushisa kwepamusoro uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tsvina ye polyurethane inogona kusungirirwa pamwe chete pasina chero chekunamatira.Kuti chigadzirwa chigadziriswe chiwedzere kufanana, tsvina inowanzopwanyika uye yobva yapiswa uye inomanikidzwa.
Polyurethane furo rakapfava rinogona kushandurwa kuita zvimedu zvakanaka nekudziya kwakadzika kukuya kana kugaya, uye kupararira kwechikamu ichi kunowedzerwa kune polyol, iyo inoshandiswa kugadzira polyurethane furo kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa, kwete chete kudzoreredza tsvina yepolyurethane, asi. uyewo kunyatsoderedza mutengo wezvigadzirwa.Iyo pulverized poda yemukati muMDI yakavakirwa kutonhora kurapa yakapfava polyurethane furo inogumira ku15%, uye huwandu hunosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana hupfu hwehupfu hunogona kuwedzerwa kuTDI yakavakirwa inopisa kurapa furo.
Chemical Recycling
Diol hydrolysis ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa makemikari ekudzoreredza nzira.Pamberi pemadiki mamorekuru diols (akadai seethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol) uye catalysts (tertiary amines, alcoholamine kana organometallic compounds), polyurethanes (mafuro, elastomers, zvigadzirwa zveRIM, nezvimwewo) zvinonwiwa nedoro pakupisa kweinenge 200 ° C kwemaawa akati wandei kuti uwanezve ma polyols.Ma polyols akadzokororwa anogona kusanganiswa neanyoro ma polyols ekugadzira zvinhu zve polyurethane.
Polyurethane foams inogona kuchinjirwa kune yekutanga yakapfava polyols uye yakaoma polyols neamination.Amolysis inzira iyo polyurethane foam inopindirana nemaamine panguva yekumanikidza uye kupisa.Amines anoshandiswa anosanganisira dibutylamine, ethanolamine, lactam kana lactam admixture, uye mhinduro yacho inogona kuitwa pakupisa pasi pe150 ° C. Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira hachidi kucheneswa kwehutu hwakagadzirirwa zvakananga polyurethane uye inogona kutsiva zvachose polyurethane yakagadzirwa kubva pakutanga. polyol.
Dow Chemical yakaunza amine hydrolysis kemikari yekudzoreredza maitiro.Iyo nzira ine nhanho mbiri: tsvina yepolyurethane yakasvibiswa kuita yakanyanya kupararira yakapararira aminoester, urea, amine uye polyol nealkylolamine uye catalyst;Ipapo iyo alkylation reaction inoitwa kuti ibvise maamine anonhuhwirira mune yakadzoserwa zvinhu, uye ma polyols ane mashandiro akanaka uye ruvara rwakareruka anowanikwa.Iyo nzira inogona kudzoreredza akawanda marudzi e polyurethane furo, uye iyo yakadzoserwa polyol inogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakawanda dze polyurethane zvinhu.Iyo kambani inoshandisawo kemikari yekudzokorodza maitiro kuti itorezve polyols kubva kune zvikamu zveRRIM, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare kusimudzira zvikamu zveRIM kusvika makumi matatu%.
Hydrolysis nzira - Sodium hydroxide inogona kushandiswa se hydrolysis catalyst yekuodza polyurethane akapfava mabhuru uye akaomarara mabhuru kuburitsa ma polyols uye amine intermediates, ayo anoshandiswa seyakagadzirwazve.
Alkalolysis: polyether uye alkali simbi hydroxide inoshandiswa seanoparadza, uye carbonates inobviswa mushure mekuora kwefuro kuti iwanezve ma polyols nemadiamine anonhuhwirira.
Maitiro ekubatanidza alcoholysis uye amolysis -- polyether polyol, potassium hydroxide uye diamine anoshandiswa seanoparadza, uye carbonate solids inobviswa kuti iwane polyether polyol uye diamine.Kuparara kwemabhuru akaoma hakugone kuparadzaniswa, asi iyo polyether inowanikwa nekuita kwepropylene oxide inogona kushandiswa zvakananga kugadzira mabhubhu akaoma.Zvakanakira nzira iyi yakaderera decomposition tembiricha (60 ~ 160 ℃), nguva pfupi uye yakawanda yekuora furo.
Doro phosphorus process - polyether polyols uye halogenated phosphate ester seanoparadza, zvigadzirwa zvekuora polyether polyols uye ammonium phosphate yakasimba, kupatsanurwa kuri nyore.
Reqra, kambani yekuGermany inodzokorodza, inosimudzira tekinoroji yakachipa yepolyurethane tsvina yekudzokororazve tsvina yeshangu yepolyurethane.Mune iyi tekinoroji yekudzokorodza, tsvina inotanga yakapwanyika kuita 10mm zvimedu, inopisa mureactor ine dispersant kuti inyungudise, uye pakupedzisira inodzoreredzwa kuti iwane mvura polyol.
Phenol decomposition method -- Japan ichaparadza polyurethane nyoro furo yakapwanyika uye yakasanganiswa ne phenol, inopisa pasi pe acidic mamiriro, carbamate bond yakaputsika, yakasanganiswa ne phenol hydroxyl boka, uye yozoita ne formaldehyde kugadzira phenolic resin, kuwedzera hexamethylenetetramine kuisimbisa, inogona yakagadzirirwa nesimba rakanaka uye kuoma, yakanakisa kupisa kupisa phenolic resin zvigadzirwa.
Pyrolysis - polyurethane akapfava mabhubhu anogona kunyungudika pakupisa kwakanyanya pasi pe aerobic kana anaerobic mamiriro kuti awane zvinhu zvine mafuta, uye polyols inogona kuwanikwa nekuparadzaniswa.
Kudzoreredza kupisa uye kurapwa kwemarara
Kudzoreredza simba kubva kumarara epolyurethane inyanzvi yezvakatipoteredza uye yakakosha mune zvehupfumi.IAmerican Polyurethane Recycling Board iri kuita ongororo umo 20% yemarara polyurethane furo yakapfava inowedzerwa kune yakasimba tsvina yekupisa.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti madota akasara uye kuburitswa kwainge kuchiri mukati mezvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza, uye kupisa kwakaburitswa mushure mekunge furo remarara rawedzerwa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kushandiswa kwemafuta efosi.KuEurope, nyika dzakaita seSweden, Switzerland, Germany neDenmark dziri kuyedza zvakare matekinoroji anoshandisa simba rakawanikwa kubva mukupiswa kwemarara emhando yepolyurethane kupa magetsi nekudziya.
Foam yepolurethane inogona kukuyiwa kuita hupfu, ingave yega kana nemamwe mapurasitiki anoraswa, kutsiva marasha ehupfu uye kupisa muchoto kuti iwanezve simba rekupisa.Kugona kupisa kwepolyurethane fetiraiza kunogona kuvandudzwa ne micropowder.
Mukushaikwa kweokisijeni, tembiricha yakakwira, kudzvanywa kwakanyanya uye catalyst, yakapfava polyurethane foams uye elastomers inogona kunyungudika nemoto kuti iwane zvigadzirwa zvegasi nemafuta.Oiri inokonzeresa yekuora yekupisa ine mamwe ma polyols, ayo anonatswa uye anogona kushandiswa sechikafu, asi anowanzo shandiswa semafuta emafuta.Iyi nzira yakakodzera kudzokorodza tsvina yakasanganiswa nemamwe mapurasitiki.Nekudaro, kuora kwe nitrogenous polymer senge polyurethane furo kunogona kukanganisa iyo catalyst.Kusvika pari zvino nzira iyi haisati yatambirwa zvakanyanya.
Sezvo polyurethane iri nitrogen-ine polymer, zvisinei kuti ndeipi nzira yekudzoreredza yekupisa inoshandiswa, iyo yakakwana yekupisa mamiriro inofanira kushandiswa kuderedza kugadzirwa kwenitrogen oxides nemaamine.Mafuro ekupisa anofanirwa kuve akashongedzerwa neakakodzera gasi rekurapa michina.
Huwandu hwakati wandei hwe polyurethane foam tsvina parizvino inoraswa mumarara.Mamwe mafuro haagone kudzokororwa, senge polyurethane foam inoshandiswa semibhedha yembeu.Kufanana nemamwe mapurasitiki, kana zvinhu zvichigara zvakagadzikana mumamiriro echisikigo, zvichaunganidza nekufamba kwenguva, uye kune kumanikidzwa kune zvakatipoteredza.Kuti vaparadze tsvina yepolyurethane pasi pemamiriro echisikigo, vanhu vatanga kugadzira biodegradable polyurethane resin.Semuenzaniso, iyo polyurethane mamorekuru ane makabhohaidhiretsi, cellulose, lignin kana polycaprolactone uye mamwe ma biodegradable compounds.
Recycling Breakthrough
Muna 2011, vadzidzi veYale University vakaita misoro yenyaya pavakaona fungus inonzi Pestalotiopsis microspora muEcuador.Iyo fungus inokwanisa kugaya uye kuputsa polyurethane plastiki, kunyange munzvimbo isina mhepo (anaerobic), iyo inogona kutoita kuti ishande pasi pedoro.
Nepo purofesa akatungamira rwendo rwekutsvagisa akayambira pamusoro pekutarisira zvakanyanya kubva kune zvakawanikwa munguva pfupi, hapana kuramba kukwezva kweiyo pfungwa yekukurumidza, yakachena, yerutivi-isina uye yakasarudzika nzira yekurasa tsvina yepurasitiki. .
Makore mashoma gare gare, mugadziri Katharina Unger weLIVIN Studio akabatana nedhipatimendi remicrobiology reUtrecht University kutanga chirongwa chinonzi Fungi Mutarium.
Vakashandisa mycelium (chikamu, chinovaka muviri chehowa) hwehowa huviri hunodyiwa, kusanganisira howa hweoyster uye schizophylla.Kwenguva yemwedzi yakati wandei, fungus yakashatisa zvachose marara epurasitiki ichikura kazhinji yakatenderedza podhi yeAGAR inodyiwa.Sezviri pachena, plastiki inova chikafu che mycelium.
Vamwe vaongorori vari kuenderera mberi nekushanda panyaya iyi.Muna 2017, Sehroon Khan, nyanzvi yesainzi paWorld Agroforestry Center, nechikwata chake vakawana imwe honga inoshatisa yepurasitiki, Aspergillus tubingensis, munzvimbo inoraswa tsvina muIslamabad, Pakistan.
Iyo fungus inogona kukura muhuwandu hwepolyester polyurethane mukati memwedzi miviri uye kuipwanya kuita zvidimbu zvidiki.
Boka paYunivhesiti yeI Illinois, inotungamirwa naProfessor Steven Zimmerman, yakagadzira nzira yekupwanya tsvina yepolyurethane uye kuishandura kuita zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinobatsira.
Mudzidzi akapedza kudzidza Ephraim Morado anotarisira kugadzirisa dambudziko remarara e polyurethane nemakemikari anodzosera mapolymer.Zvisinei, polyurethanes yakasimba zvakanyanya uye inogadzirwa kubva kune zvikamu zviviri zvakaoma kuputsa: isocyanates uye polyols.
Polyols yakakosha nekuti inotorwa kubva mupetroleum uye haidzikisire nyore.Kuti udzivise dambudziko iri, timu yakatora kemikari unit acetal iyo iri nyore kuderedzwa uye inonyungudika mumvura.Zvigadzirwa zvekushatisa zvema polymers akanyungudika ane trichloroacetic acid uye dichloromethane pane tembiricha yemumba zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.Sehumbowo hwepfungwa, Morado inokwanisa kushandura elastomers, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurongedza uye zvikamu zvemotokari, kuita zvinonamira.
Asi chikuru chidzoreso cheiyi nzira nyowani yekudzoreredza mutengo uye muchetura wemidziyo inoshandiswa kuita maitiro.Naizvozvo, vaongorori parizvino vari kuyedza kutsvaga nzira iri nani uye yakachipa yekuwana nzira imwe chete vachishandisa yakapfava solvent (sevhiniga) yekusvibisa.
Kumwe kuedza kwekambani
1. PUReSmart chirongwa chekutsvaga
2. FOAM2FOAM chirongwa
3. Tenglong Brilliant: Kudzokorodza polyurethane insulation zvinhu zvezviri kubuda zvekuvaka
4. Adidas: A zvachose recyclable running shoe
5. Salomon: Kushandisazve manyatera eTPU akazara kugadzira bhutsu dze ski
6. Cosi: Chuang anobatana neMattress Recycling Committee kusimudzira hupfumi hwedenderedzwa
7. German H & S Company: Polyurethane foam alcoholysis teknolojia yekugadzira mattresses e sponge
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-30-2023